The term “Occupation” refers to Israel’s military administration of the West Bank and Gaza, which lasted from the end of the 1967 War until the Oslo Peace Accords in 1993. Israel then turned civil administration of most of the Territories over to the newly created Palestinian Authority and intended to gradually end its military presence in the area. However, radical Palestinian groups call all of Israel “Occupied Territory.”
The “Occupation” was a direct result of the broader Arab-
Israeli conflict. The term “Occupation” implies an aggressive effort to take over and rule a foreign people, but the Territories came under Israeli control during its defensive war in 1967. Arab states and Palestinians refused to accept the Jewish State’s right to exist and mobilized again in 1967 to destroy it.
As Israel defended itself, it drove back Jordanian, Egyptian and Syrian troops and captured the Territories that fell on Israel’s side of the armistice lines.
Palestinians had not made any claims to the Territories
until Israel captured them from Egypt and Jordan in 1967.
During Egypt and Jordan’s 19-year occupation (1948-1967), no one called for a Palestinian state that would include Gaza and the West Bank. West Bank residents became Jordanian citizens. The original PLO Covenant (1964) explicitly excluded the Territories from its description of Palestine and called instead for the destruction of Israel and for replacing it with Arab rule. The PLO amended its Charter to include a claim to the Territories only after Israel captured them in 1967.
The PLO “does not exercise any regional sovereignty over the West Bank in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, on the Gaza Strip or the Himmah Area.”
—Article 24, PLO Covenant, 1964
Israel repeatedly tried to end the Occupation after 1967.
Israel had no wish to rule over the Palestinians. Within two weeks after hostilities ended, Israel offered to exchange land for peace, but Arab leaders categorically rejected the offer, offi cially
issuing the “Three NOs” in Khartoum. “No peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel,
no negotiations with it.” —Khartoum Resolution, Sept 1, 1967
Between 1967 and 1969, again in 1979 in the letters attached to the Israel-Egypt peace treaty, and from 1991 until today, Israel’s leaders have sought to negotiate with the Palestinians to peacefully resolve the confl ict, but their efforts have been repeatedly rejected.
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